Learning disabilities are a connection problem

Dyslexia: News from the web:

Different learning difficulties do not correspond to specific regions of the brain, as previously thought, say researchers at the University of Cambridge. Instead, poor connectivity between ‘hubs’ within the brain is much more strongly related to children’s difficulties.

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Online Dyslexia screening

Dyslexia: News from the web:

People taking the Dystech test supply a date of birth and email before being presented with a series of words on the screen. Users then repeat the words aloud with the audio being recorded for analysis.

The test, available through a mobile app or in the browser, takes around 10 minutes to complete.

The audio is automatically analysed by the algorithm to determine the likelihood of dyslexia. While the test can’t provide a diagnosis and Dystech does not offer medical advice, Richard says it returns a percentage likelihood of dyslexia as well as metrics on reading reaction time and average reading time.

The results can give an indication if users should seek an official diagnosis – currently only able to be provided by a psychologist.

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Brain stimulation may help

Dyslexia: News from the web:

Restoring normal patterns of rhythmic neural activity through non-invasive electrical stimulation of the brain alleviates sound-processing deficits and improves reading accuracy in adults with dyslexia, according to a new study.

PLOS. “Brain stimulation reduces dyslexia deficits.” ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 8 September 2020.

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Visual perception is key

Dyslexia: News from the web:

Visual perception has been found to be a critical factor for reading comprehension and arithmetic computation in separate lines of research with different measures of visual form perception. The current study of 1099 Chinese elementary school students investigated whether the same visual form perception (assessed by a geometric figure matching task) underlies both reading comprehension and arithmetic computation. The results showed that visual form perception had close relations with both reading comprehension and arithmetic computation, even after controlling for age, gender, and cognitive factors such as processing speed, attention, working memory, visuo-spatial processing, and general intelligence. 

Cui J, Zhang Y, Wan S, Chen C, Zeng J, Zhou X. Visual form perception is fundamental for both reading comprehension and arithmetic computation. Cognition. 2019;189:141-154. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2019.03.014

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Neurology of developmental dyslexia

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Developmental dyslexia was until recently considered to belong solely in the domain of educational psychology. With the advent of better theories on language and reading, and better methods for assessing the structure and function of living human brains and for determining genetic transmission, dyslexia is now poised to become a focal concern of cognitive neuroscience, neurology, and genetic research. Still unresolved are questions relating to how much a reading disability represents a normal variation or a separate pathological entity, and whether the cognitive disorder is primarily cognitive, or secondary to a disorder in early perception. Recent findings from neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neuropsychology, and genetics research are reviewed. (This review is an updated version of a review first published in Current Opinion In Neurology and Neurosurgery 1992, 5:71-76.)

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