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Baboons can recognize scores of written words, distinguishing them from non-words, a feat that raises intriguing questions about how we learn to read, scientists reported. The experiment points to visual-attention shortfalls, rather than problems in the brain with speaking or hearing, as an explanation for dyslexia in children.
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Treatment for dyslexia can begin even before children start learning to read, a new study suggests.
Researchers from Italy found that the learning disability may be linked to problems with children’s visual attention. They said their findings could lead to earlier diagnosis and new treatments for those with the condition.
“Visual attention deficits are surprisingly way more predictive of future reading disorders than are language abilities at the pre-reading stage,” Andrea Facoetti, of the University of Padua, said in a journal news release.
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New research has shown that there is no difference in the way children with dyslexia think while reading, when compared to children without reading difficulties. Edublox specialises in helping children with learning and reading problems overcome these difficulties.
According to popular belief dyslexia is a neurological disorder in the brain which causes information to be processed and interpreted differently, resulting in reading difficulties. Historically, the dyslexia label has been assigned to learners who are bright, even verbally articulate, but who struggle with reading; in short, those whose high IQs mismatch their low reading scores. When children are not as bright, their reading troubles have been chalked up to their general intellectual limitations.
However, with the advancement in technology and extensive research, this notion has recently been challenged by neuroscientist John D. E. Gabrieli at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
The study involved 131 children, aged 7 to 16, and following a simple reading test and an IQ measure, each child was assigned to one of three groups: typical readers with typical IQs, poor readers with typical IQs, and poor readers with low IQs.
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PROBLEM: Developmental dyslexia affects about half of children with a family history of this disorder and five to 17 percent of all kids. Since it responds to early intervention, is there a way to diagnose children who are at risk before or during kindergarten to head off academic and social difficulties?
METHODOLOGY: Children’s Hospital Boston researchers led by Nora Raschle performed functional MRI imaging in 36 preschool-age children who were about five years old while they performed phonological tasks requiring them to decide whether two words started with the same speech sound. Half of the the kids came from families with a history of dyslexia.
RESULTS: Children with a familial risk for dyslexia tended to have less metabolic activity in brain regions tied to processing language sounds than kids in the control groups. Those with high activation in these areas generally had better pre-reading skills, such as rhyming, knowing letters and letter sounds, knowing when two words start with the same sound, and being able to separate sounds within a word (like saying “cowboy” without the “cow”).
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The problem is not the lack of reading skills nor even the lack of acquired knowledge, though both are desirable for a fully functional life. Rather, the more damaging effects of learning difficulties happen deep in children’s sense of self and affect their behaviour, their self esteem and their feelings of worth in ways that go far beyond reading.
What happens to a young child’s motivation and ambition when they start talking themselves into believing that they are stupid? In order to protect themselves from the shame, they develop attention-seeking habits. They take their frustration out into the playground and bash someone over the head because there they can be an equal. The evidence is stark. The emotional effects are startling. By now, many of these kids are being bullied and the feelings of low self-esteem and lack of confidence often result in negative ways of dealing with difficult situations. When society fails to recognise children with learning challenges, particularly those from socially-deprived backgrounds or dysfunctional families, they can get caught up in a cycle of frustration, truancy and crime which, eventually, dumps them in prison.
Study after study has come up with the same conclusion so why have we not made the move from knowing about this issue to doing something about it?
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Dyslexia is a developmental disability which can hinder a child’s learning to read and write, and sometimes speak.
The severity can be mild or severe, but the sooner its diagnosed, the better a child can develop.
Now researchers say brain MRI’s can spot dyslexia before a child starts school.
Thirty-six preschool-age children were studied. Those with a family history of dyslexia had reduced brain activity when compared with the control group children.
Since developmental dyslexia responds to early intervention, diagnosing children at risk before or during kindergarten could head off difficulties and frustration in school.
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