Category Archives: Research

A new view on Dyslexia

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Researchers used ultra-high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion MRI, and probabilistic tractography to investigate the structural connections of the visual sensory pathway in dyslexia in vivo. They discovered that individuals with dyslexia have reduced structural connections in the direct pathway between the left visual thalamus (lateral geniculate nucleus [LGN]) and left middle temporal area V5/MT, but not between the left LGN and left primary visual cortex. In addition, left V5/MT-LGN connectivity strength correlated with rapid naming abilities—a key deficit in dyslexia .

These findings provide the first evidence of specific structural alterations in the connections between the sensory thalamus and cortex in developmental dyslexia. The results challenge current standard models and provide novel evidence for the importance of cortico-thalamic interactions in explaining dyslexia.

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artificial eye dominance and dyslexia

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Researchers performed a reading test with their subjects. They used the fact that, although the brain presents us with one image, there is a delay between the the first eye forming an image and the second doing so. So, if you are sitting in a dark room and a page of letters is illuminated by a flashing light—the light flashes are too fast to perceive—then only one eye at a time can form an image. In this case, the brain should not be presented with conflicting images.

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It may be the eyes after all

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French scientists claim they may have found a physiological, and seemingly treatable, cause for dyslexia hidden in tiny light-receptor cells in the human eye.

In people with the condition, the cells were arranged in matching patterns in both eyes, which may be to blame for confusing the brain by producing “mirror” images, the co-authors wrote in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

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Play games to improve dyslexia!

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A recent study published in the prestigious journal Scientific Reports reveals that these video games improve not only visual attention, but also verbal memory. The researchers have discovered that improvements in reading speed, following a few hours of playing a typical video action game is due to stimulation of specific brain circuits which improve, not only visual attention, but also memorizing words and language.

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Learn to read and change your brain

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A new study has found that deep areas of the brain are re-purposed to create the neural network necessary for acquiring literacy skills. Luckily, even the adult brain can undergo this process with relative ease.

if just a few months of literacy education can lead to fundamental changes in the thalamus, then the hypothesis that dyslexia may be caused by thalamus dysfunctions will need further study. One possible way of investigating this would be to check for thalamus dysfunction in preschool children (who have not yet begun to read) from families with a history of dyslexia.

 

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Kids with dyslexia more prone to social, emotional problems

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Children with dyslexia are more likely to encounter a range of social and emotional difficulties – such as feelings of anxiety, depression and low self-esteem – than their peers.

And having strong social support networks may help to buffer them against such negative outcomes.

These were the main findings of a study by the University College London (UCL), based on responses of 99 Primary 3 pupils with dyslexia across 13 primary schools here.

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Identify early vs diagnose early

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“We don’t recommend diagnosing earlier, what we recommend is identifying children at risk earlier,” Dr. Gaab says. “The idea is to identify who may struggle and then intervene as early as possible — in kindergarten, first grade or even before that — so that these children will have a less severe form of dyslexia or will never get diagnosed.”

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Learning to read changes the structure of your brain

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Learning to read profoundly transforms your brain, according to new research which sheds new light on disorders such as dyslexia. That’s because reading is such a new ability in human evolutionary history that our genes do not provide for a ‘reading area’ in our brains. As a result, the brain needs to reconfigure itself to create one, researchers say.

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Shapes and the environment how Dyslectics experience it

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Dyslexia could in part be due to difficulties in learning automatically and subconsciously how things fit together in the environment. This is the conclusion in a new study of a research team lead by Heiða María Sigurðardóttir, assistant professor at the University of Iceland’s Faculty of Psychology, and in close collaboration with Árni Kristjánsson, professor at the same faculty. The study was published on 4 April in Scientific Reports.

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Musical Dyslexia

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Dyslexia is a learning disability that occurs when the brain is unable to process written words, even when the person has had proper training in reading. Researchers debate the underlying causes and treatments, but the predominant theory is that people with dyslexia have a problem with phonological processing – the ability to see a symbol (a letter or a phoneme) and relate it to speech sounds. Dyslexia is difficult to diagnose, but it is thought to occur in up to 10% of the population.

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New tool found to help children with Dyslexia

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A study conducted at a top UK school has demonstrated that Microsoft’s OneNote, a digital notebook has helped dyslexic children to improve on their reading and spelling abilities. Microsoft teamed up with British Dyslexia Association (BDA) to lend school children Surface laptops in a Surrey school that specialises in teaching children with language related conditions. Twenty children with dyspraxia, dyscalculia, attention deficit disorder, specific language impairment and autism took part in an eleven week trial to see if Microsoft technologies can benefit them.

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Dyslexia caused by bad teaching?

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Well, one Dutch professor thinks so.

Here is a quote:

‘They just don’t practice enough,’ she told the paper, advocating daily dictation lessons. ‘Children need to have the rules of spelling firmly in their heads. For example, that a g sound before a t is almost always a ‘ch’ and not a ‘g’.”

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Why do more Boys than Girls have dyslexia?

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“The fact that greater variability in males’ processing speed partly explains the sex difference in both dyslexia and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is very exciting, as it may prove to be a crucial clue in understanding brain differences that lead to the high rate of comorbidity between those two disorders,” said Dr. Anne Arnett, lead author of the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry study.

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Early learning study starts

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The Early Learning Study at Harvard — which kicks off this spring and is set to last at least four and a half years, with plans for extension — will follow a demographically representative sample of three-year-olds from across Massachusetts, capturing their experiences in the actual settings in which they spend their time. Such a large-scale, population-based study would significantly enrich our current knowledge, which relies primarily on data from just a handful of small-scale studies, dating back to the 1960s and 1970s.

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Rapid Neural Adaptation at the root of Dyslexia

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According to new work from Tyler Perrachione, a Sargent College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences assistant professor of speech, language, and hearing sciences, and colleagues at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Massachusetts General Hospital, problems with neural adaptation may be at the root of dyslexia

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A new way of looking at what causes Dyslexia

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Using MRI scans to monitor the brains of people who present with the condition, and those who don’t, researchers found a “really pronounced” difference in responses to a series of visual and audio cues.

The brains of people without dyslexia were more able to recognise repeated words or images in a process known as “neural adaptation”, while a “neural signature” was identified among dyslexics, whose brains displayed lower levels of “plasticity” – or response ability.

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